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Recovery of waste from processing of phosphorus to produce materials with increased added value
Hejsek, Michal ; Zavřel, Tomáš (referee) ; Ing.Jan Červený, Ph.D. (advisor)
This master thesis focuses on reuse of waste water from industrial plant processing yellow phosphorus. Theoretical part summarizes physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, its transport in biosphere and its role in living organisms. Also the production process of the industrial plant is described. Waste water that contains waste byproducts is considered to be useful source of essential nutrients for economical large scale microalgae cultivation and development of biotechnological processes. In practical part, optimization of growth conditions for microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C-2) cultivation in medium based on wastewater from yellow phosphorus warehouse is presented.
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Cell inclusions in microscopic eukaryotes
Pilátová, Jana
This thesis reports, for the first time, a systematic study identifying various cell inclusions across the broad diversity of all major eukaryotic supergroups. Raman microspectroscopy technique was employed as a powerful technique, which is becoming the method of the first choice for such studies. In Chapter 1, the spatial reconstruction of chloroplasts of the unicellular zygnematophyte Cylindrocystis sp. (Streptophyta) revealed "empty spaces" inside. Subsequent analysis showed massive accumulations of polyphosphate, which is not located in the cytoplasm as in other species, but inside the chloroplasts. This newly discovered ability of the zygnematophytes, a sister group of terrestrial plants, to accumulate polyphosphate leads us to speculate about a possible adaptation to extreme Arctic conditions or even a preadaptation leading to plant terrestrialization. Chapter 2 summarizes the serendipitous discovery of purine crystalline inclusions in dinoflagellates and other microalgae. Investigated dinoflagellate species comprised zooxanthellae, the endosymbionts of reef-building corals, and the species causing toxic algal blooms. Purine crystals were further shown to act as dynamic high-capacity nitrogen storage. To show how widespread purine inclusions are, a revision of crystalline inclusions in all...
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Cell inclusions in microscopic eukaryotes
Pilátová, Jana ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Gierlinger, Notburga (referee) ; Prášil, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis reports, for the first time, a systematic study identifying various cell inclusions across the broad diversity of all major eukaryotic supergroups. Raman microspectroscopy technique was employed as a powerful technique, which is becoming the method of the first choice for such studies. In Chapter 1, the spatial reconstruction of chloroplasts of the unicellular zygnematophyte Cylindrocystis sp. (Streptophyta) revealed "empty spaces" inside. Subsequent analysis showed massive accumulations of polyphosphate, which is not located in the cytoplasm as in other species, but inside the chloroplasts. This newly discovered ability of the zygnematophytes, a sister group of terrestrial plants, to accumulate polyphosphate leads us to speculate about a possible adaptation to extreme Arctic conditions or even a preadaptation leading to plant terrestrialization. Chapter 2 summarizes the serendipitous discovery of purine crystalline inclusions in dinoflagellates and other microalgae. Investigated dinoflagellate species comprised zooxanthellae, the endosymbionts of reef-building corals, and the species causing toxic algal blooms. Purine crystals were further shown to act as dynamic high-capacity nitrogen storage. To show how widespread purine inclusions are, a revision of crystalline inclusions in all...
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Raman microspectroscopy of living cells and biological tissues
Moudříková, Šárka ; Mojzeš, Peter (advisor) ; Matthäus, Christian (referee) ; Samek, Ota (referee)
Title: Raman microspectroscopy of living cells and biological tissues Author: Šárka Moudříková Department / Institute: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: doc. RNDr. Peter Mojzeš, CSc., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: Raman microscopy combines Raman spectroscopy with optical confocal microscopy and thus provides information on chemical composition of a sample with a µm3 resolution. In this thesis, Raman microscopy has been used to study microalgae-unicellular photosynthetic organisms that are greatly relevant for the Earth's environment as well as for biotechnological applications. Raman microscopy of photosynthetic organisms struggles with a highly intensive background of the spectra, which is formed by fluorescence of cellular photosynthetic apparatus. In this thesis, we have developed a fast and reliable photobleaching method that suppresses the unwanted background; this method has enabled us to study intracellular distribution of algal biomolecules such as proteins, starch, lipids and polyphosphate. We have investigated an evolution of these structures during a cell cycle of a model microalga Desmodesmus quadricauda. Next, we have developed a method for quantitative analysis of polyphosphate in a cellular culture of a microalga Chlorella...
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Raman microspectroscopy of living cells and biological tissues
Moudříková, Šárka ; Mojzeš, Peter (advisor) ; Matthäus, Christian (referee) ; Samek, Ota (referee)
Title: Raman microspectroscopy of living cells and biological tissues Author: Šárka Moudříková Department / Institute: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: doc. RNDr. Peter Mojzeš, CSc., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: Raman microscopy combines Raman spectroscopy with optical confocal microscopy and thus provides information on chemical composition of a sample with a µm3 resolution. In this thesis, Raman microscopy has been used to study microalgae-unicellular photosynthetic organisms that are greatly relevant for the Earth's environment as well as for biotechnological applications. Raman microscopy of photosynthetic organisms struggles with a highly intensive background of the spectra, which is formed by fluorescence of cellular photosynthetic apparatus. In this thesis, we have developed a fast and reliable photobleaching method that suppresses the unwanted background; this method has enabled us to study intracellular distribution of algal biomolecules such as proteins, starch, lipids and polyphosphate. We have investigated an evolution of these structures during a cell cycle of a model microalga Desmodesmus quadricauda. Next, we have developed a method for quantitative analysis of polyphosphate in a cellular culture of a microalga Chlorella...
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Use of the Products of Innovative Methods Applied for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewaters
Ulrichová, Alena ; Švehla, Pavel (advisor) ; Hanč, Aleš (referee)
The thesis gives an overview of the various innovative processes removing nitrogen compounds from waste water leading to the production of materials potentially usable in agriculture. Information was sought primarily in foreign scientific articles published in journals with impact factor.
Review is focused on the use of algae for wastewater treatment, while the attention is paid to the possibilities of agronomic use of algal biomass produced in the process of wastewater treatment. Algae using in wastewater treatment is field which offers many ways to improve the cleaning process. First, it is possible to choose the most suitable algae taxon for the type of waste water. To the algae can be applied knowledge of genetic engineering and finally the cleaning process can be improved by the technology used for the cultivation of algae. Algal biomass cultivated in sewage treatment plants can be used in agriculture as fertilizer or feed and nutrient supplement or as a biofuel.
In this review were also studied physico-chemical processes of removing nitrogen compounds from waste water, with an emphasis on the use of their products in agriculture. In the study is described the precipitation of struvite, which reduces the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater and its product can be used in agriculture as a fertilizer rich in phosphorus and nitrogen. Its use in organic farming has been advised a group of experts from the European Commission. Ammonium ion can be obtained by stripping from the wastewater. Stripped ammonium ion can than be collected it into acid, which is reacted to form an ammonium salt usable in conventional agriculture as fertilizer. Zeolites with its high sorption capacity, provide the possibility of capturing nutrients from wastewater and its application to the soil is provided a slow release of these nutrients. However, it is necessary to prevent the sorption of heavy metals that would be released from the zeolite to the soil and cause the toxic pollution.
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Recovery of waste from processing of phosphorus to produce materials with increased added value
Hejsek, Michal ; Zavřel, Tomáš (referee) ; Ing.Jan Červený, Ph.D. (advisor)
This master thesis focuses on reuse of waste water from industrial plant processing yellow phosphorus. Theoretical part summarizes physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, its transport in biosphere and its role in living organisms. Also the production process of the industrial plant is described. Waste water that contains waste byproducts is considered to be useful source of essential nutrients for economical large scale microalgae cultivation and development of biotechnological processes. In practical part, optimization of growth conditions for microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C-2) cultivation in medium based on wastewater from yellow phosphorus warehouse is presented.
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